longitudinal stress

Stresses on Thin-walled Pressure Tanks

The circumferential stress, also known as tangential stress, in a tank or pipe can be determined by applying the concept of fluid pressure against curved surfaces. The wall of a tank or pipe carrying fluid under pressure is subjected to tensile forces across its longitudinal and transverse sections.
 

006-wood-stave-vessel.gif

 

Solution to Problem 142 Pressure Vessel

Problem 142
A pipe carrying steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one end of the pipe and a flat plate used to cap the end. How many 40-mm-diameter bolts must be used to hold the cap on if the allowable stress in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress? What circumferential stress is developed in the pipe? Why is it necessary to tighten the bolt initially, and what will happen if the steam pressure should cause the stress in the bolts to be twice the value of the initial stress?
 

Solution to Problem 141 Pressure Vessel

Problem 141
The tank shown in Fig. P-141 is fabricated from 1/8-in steel plate. Calculate the maximum longitudinal and circumferential stress caused by an internal pressure of 125 psi.
 

141-flat-oval-tank.gif

 

Solution to Problem 138 Pressure Vessel

Problem 138
The strength of longitudinal joint in Fig. 1-17 is 33 kips/ft, whereas for the girth is 16 kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylinder tank if the internal pressure is 150 psi.
 

Solution to Problem 136 Pressure Vessel

Problem 136
A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel plating that has a thickness of 20 mm. The diameter of the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its length is 2.0 m. Determine the maximum internal pressure that can be applied if the longitudinal stress is limited to 140 MPa, and the circumferential stress is limited to 60 MPa.
 

Solution 136
Based on circumferential stress (tangential):
 

Solution to Problem 133 Pressure Vessel

Problem 133
A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential and longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal pressure were increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that would occur.
 

Thin-walled Pressure Vessels

A tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a pressure is subjected to tensile forces, which resist bursting, developed across longitudinal and transverse sections.
 

TANGENTIAL STRESS, σt (Circumferential Stress)
Consider the tank shown being subjected to an internal pressure p. The length of the tank is L and the wall thickness is t. Isolating the right half of the tank:
 

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